Search results for " Brain tumor"

Aquaporins and Brain Tumors

2016

Brain primary tumors are among the most diverse and complex human cancers, and they are normally classified on the basis of the cell-type and/or the grade of malignancy (the most malignant being glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), grade IV). Glioma cells are able to migrate throughout the brain and to stimulate angiogenesis, by inducing brain capillary endothelial cell proliferation. This in turn causes loss of tight junctions and fragility of the blood–brain barrier, which becomes leaky. As a consequence, the most serious clinical complication of glioblastoma is the vasogenic brain edema. Both glioma cell migration and edema have been correlated with modification of the expression/localization …

Tissue characterization of benign brain tumors: Use of NMR-tissue parameters

1988

Abstract To evaluate the potentials of NMR tissue parameters for tissue characterization we investigated 68 patients with benign brain tumors. Tissue parameters were accurately measured by a recently developed interlaced triple sequence. Each individual tumor was characterized by a set of three numbers (relaxation times T 1 and T 2 and proton density Rho). Different tumors exhibited significant overlaps of the three tissue parameters. Therefore a reliable prediction of the histological diagnosis based on the quantitative analysis of tissue parameters alone was not possible. T 2 -prolongation correlated well with water content and “regressive changes” in meningiomas and neuromas.

The histology of brain tumors for 67 331 children and 671 085 adults diagnosed in 60 countries during 2000-2014: a global, population-based study (CO…

2021

Abstract Background Global variations in survival for brain tumors are very wide when all histological types are considered together. Appraisal of international differences should be informed by the distribution of histology, but little is known beyond Europe and North America. Methods The source for the analysis was the CONCORD database, a program of global surveillance of cancer survival trends, which includes the tumor records of individual patients from more than 300 population-based cancer registries. We considered all patients aged 0-99 years who were diagnosed with a primary brain tumor during 2000-2014, whether malignant or nonmalignant. We presented the histology distribution of th…

Brain Mapping-Aided SupraTotal Resection (SpTR) of Brain Tumors: The Role of Brain Connectivity

2021

Brain gliomas require a deep knowledge of their effects on brain connectivity. Understanding the complex relationship between tumor and functional brain is the preliminary and fundamental step for the subsequent surgery. The extent of resection (EOR) is an independent variable of surgical effectiveness and it correlates with the overall survival. Until now, great efforts have been made to achieve gross total resection (GTR) as the standard of care of brain tumor patients. However, high and low-grade gliomas have an infiltrative behavior and peritumoral white matter is often infiltrated by tumoral cells. According to these evidences, many efforts have been made to push the boundary of the re…

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new anticancer drugs: FGFR inhibitors

2021

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) constitute a family of tyrosine kinases receptors (RTKs) that exert pivotal physiological functions in human embryonic and adult tissues. Hyperactivated FGFR signaling drives tumorigenesis in multiple cancer types, including lung and brain cancers. Great effort has been laid on the development of new compounds that specifically target the FGFR axis. However, cancer cell- based and microenvironmental resistance mechanisms against FGFR inhibitors often arise and are currently poorly understood. Furthermore, FGFR-targeted therapy often presents different side effects, e due to the broad biological spectrum of the FGFR signaling axis as well as to its …

Exosomal Hsp60 levels and related miRNA in brain tumor cells

2018

One of the many pathologic conditions still without a satisfactory solution is that of brain tumors. The prognosis is poor even after surgical resection followed by post-operatory chemo- and radio-therapie (1). It is, therefore, cogent to find innovative treatment tools. Three recent developments may provide elements to discover novel treatment strategies and means. These developments are: the discovery that molecular chaperones can be determinant factors in the process of tumorigenesis (2); the elucidation of the role of miRNAs in gene regulation and determination of protein functions, including molecular chaperones; in the various cell compartments (3);the increasing understanding and cha…

Maternal medication use and the risk of brain tumors in the offspring: The SEARCH international case-control study

2006

International audience; N-nitroso compounds (NOC) have been associated with carcinogenesis in a wide range of species, including humans. There is strong experimental data showing that nitrosamides (R(1)NNO.COR(2)), a type of NOC, are potent neuro-carcinogens when administered transplacentally. Some medications are a concentrated source of amides or amines, which in the presence of nitrites under normal acidic conditions of the stomach can form NOC. Therefore, these compounds, when ingested by women during pregnancy, may be important risk factors for tumors of the central nervous system in the offspring. The aim of the present study was to test the association between maternal use of medicat…

With a Little Help from My Friends: The Role of Intraoperative Fluorescent Dyes in the Surgical Management of High-Grade Gliomas

2018

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the most frequent primary malignant brain tumors in adults, which lead to death within two years of diagnosis. Maximal safe resection of malignant gliomas as the first step of multimodal therapy is an accepted goal in malignant glioma surgery. Gross total resection has an important role in improving overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), but identification of tumor borders is particularly difficult in HGGS. For this reason, imaging adjuncts, such as 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or fluorescein sodium (FS) have been proposed as superior strategies for better defining the limits of surgical resection for HGG. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is i…

Neurosurgical Interventions for Intracranial Metastases

1987

In any neurosurgical material among the space-occupying neoplastic lesions in the brain there is an average frequency between 3 and 5% of deposits from malignant tumors of extracranial origin, i.e. metastases1,2,7. Definite regularities exist as regards the frequency with which particular tumors give rise to cerebral metastases and likewise as regards the incidence of solitary metastases (about 50% of cases), while in about a half of these patients we find several metastases. These lesions can involve the cerebral hemispheres, as well as the cerebellum and the brain stem26,28.

Focusing on a quantification and characterization of extracellular vesicles from blood in brain tumors

Molecular chaperones are required to maintain the proteome in a folded and functional state. Chaperones are structurally and functionally normal but participate in pathways that favor disease, as a tumorigenesis (1). The incidence of brain tumors is increasing rapidly and surgery is the first therapeutic intervention to safeguard the patient's life. The prognosis is poor even after surgical resection, followed by post-operatory chemo- and radio-therapy (2). Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of intercellular communication between tumor cells and stromal cells in local and distant microenvironments. EVs play an essential role in both primary tumor growth and m…